that / those 用作先行词时定语从句用什么作引导词
1. that用作先行词时定语从句用什么引导：
 
that后接定语从句时，通常用关系代词which来引导。如：
 
I have that which you gave me. 我有你给我的那个。
 
The faeces contain nitrogen and it is that which fertilises the desert soil.
 
粪便含氮，而正是氮可以肥化荒芜的土地。
The United States will do that which is necessary to meet its obligations to its owncitizens
 
美国将为自己的公民尽其应尽的义务。
That which many people say is not always true. 很多人说的并不表示一定是真的。
 
注：that which是一个比较正式的用法，在通常情况下会用what代替。如：
 
What many people say is not always true. 很多人说的并不表示一定是真的。
 
另外注意，that后可接定语从句，但this后习惯上不接定语从句。
 
2. those用作先行词时定语从句用什么引导
 
those后接定语从句时，通常用关系代词who来引导。如：
 
Those who do not wish to go need not go. 不愿去的人不需要去。
 
It is said that those who eat the most are the least healthy. 据说吃得最多的人身体最差。
 
Those who have wronged must be ready to say: 'We have hurt you by this injustice.'
 
冤枉了别人的人一定要勇于说：“我们待你不公，伤害了你。”
 
It also moved those who, like me, are too young to have lived through the war
 
它也打动了那些像我一样年纪太轻而没有经历过战争的人。
 
Inevitably those who suffer the most are the mothers and children
 
妇女和儿童必然是最遭罪的。
 
 
Those who are lucky enough to be wealthy have a duty to give to the hungry.
 
有幸成了富人的人有义务捐助忍饥挨饿的人。
 
If  he fails, then he will have little excuse in the eyes of those who voted him in
 
如果他落败，那他在那些投票支持他的人眼中基本就没有什么借口了。
 
Those who had decided to remain neutral in the struggle now
 
found themselvesrequired to take sides.
 
那些先前决定在争斗中保持中立的人现在发现他们需要表明立场了。
 
All those who knew him will admire him for his work.
 
所有认识他的人都敬佩他所做的工作。
 
Those who have been to Dalian all say it's beautiful.
 
凡是去过大连的人都说大连很美。《汉英大词典》
 
You need to confront those who have sided against you.
 
你要直面那些联合反对你的人。
 
The killing was cold-blooded, and those who committed this atrocity
 
should be tried and punished.
 
杀戮异常残暴。那些犯下如此暴行的人都应该受到审判和惩罚。
 
The President has hit back at those who have criticised his economic reforms
 
总统对那些批评过其经济改革措施的人进行了反击。
 
God helps those who help themselves.
 
自助者天助。
 
Detectives are still searching for those who violated the graveyard.
 
侦探们仍在搜捕那些亵渎了墓园的家伙。
 
Those who refuse to repent, he said, will be punished
 
那些拒不悔改的人，他说，将会受到惩罚。
 
Those who are in poor health can also temper themselves in doing the labourwithin their power.
 
那些体弱者，在从事力所能及的劳动中，也得到了很好的锻炼。
 
The market-place and street were crowded with those who'd come to barter
 
市场和街道上挤满了前来做物物交换的人。
 
All of those who received the true acupuncture experienced pain relief.
 
所有接受了针刺治疗的人都感到疼痛减轻了。
 
Those who got to know him better warmed to his openness and honesty
 
那些对他日渐了解的人被他的坦率和真诚所打动。
 
She did not have enough nurses to cover for those who went ill or took holiday.
 
她没有足够的护士来顶替那些生病或休假的人工作。
 
He said he would show no leniency towards those who stirred up trouble betweenMuslims and Christians.
 
他说自己绝不轻饶那些在穆斯林和基督徒之间挑起事端的人。
 
He preferred the company of those who were intellectually inferior to himself.
 
他喜欢与那些智力水平不如他的人共处。
 
Only those who have no sense of shame can do such shameful things.
 
只有不要脸的人才能做出这样不要脸的事。
 
Mr Taylor was not bitter towards those who had opposed him
 
泰勒先生对那些曾反对过他的人并未怀恨在心。
 
Mr Straw issued a stern warning to those who persist in violence
 
斯特劳先生向那些坚持进行暴力活动的人发出了严正警告。
 
The congress opened with a minute's silence in memory of those who died in thestruggle.
 
代表大会开幕时进行了一分钟的默哀，以怀念在斗争中牺牲的人。
 
We shall strike hard, without flinching, at terrorists and those who abet them.
 
我们要毫不退缩地严厉打击恐怖分子及其帮凶。
 
It was an age of conspicuous consumption — those who had money liked to display it.
 
那是一个炫耀性消费的年代——有钱人都喜欢炫富。
 
另外注意，those后可接定语从句，但these后习惯上不接定语从句。