中考英语宾语从句全掌握
中考英语宾语从句分层练
 
由一个独立分句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫做复合句。初中阶段我们需要掌握的复合句是宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句。
 
在复合句中，由一个句子充当宾语，这个句子叫做宾语从句。引导宾语从句的常见关联词有：that（不译，可以省略）、ifwhether(译为：是否)、what、who、where、when、why、how等。
 
根据宾语从句的不同，宾语从句可分为以下几类：
 
当主句为一般过去时，
 
（1）若宾语从句为陈述句（肯定句和否定句），宾语从句用that引导（that可以省略）。宾语从句的动词时态变为相应的过去的时态，宾语从句的人称向主句看齐。例如：
 
I like the book.(He said...)→ He said (that) he liked the book.
 
解析：宾语从句为肯定句，用that引导（也可以省略）；主句为一般过去时，宾语从句动词变为过去时liked；宾语从句的I和主句的He为同一个人，从句向主句看齐，改为he.
 
I don′t have a pen.(The girl said...)→
 
The girl said (that) she didn′t have a pen.
 
解析：宾语从句为否定句，用that引导（也可以省略）；主句为一般过去时，宾语从句动词变为过去时didn′t；宾语从句的I和主句的The girl为同一个人，从句向主句看齐，改为she.
 
练习： We will visit Beijing.(The students said...)→
 
②The songs are beautiful.（He said...)→
 
③She has read the book.(I said...)→
 
答案：The students said (that)they would visit Beijing.
 
②He said (that)the songs were beautiful.
 
③I said (that) She had read the book.
 
（2） 若宾语从句为一般疑问句，宾语从句用ifwhether(译为：是否)引导。宾语从句的动词时态变为相应的过去的时态，宾语从句用陈述句语序（主语+动词）；宾语从句的人称向主句看齐；主句中的saidsaid to改为asked。
 
例如：Is he a doctor?(She said to me ...)→
 
She asked me ifwhether he is was a doctor.
 
解析：主句中的said to改为asked;宾语从句为一般疑问句,用ifwhether引导；宾语从句采用陈述句语序（主语he+动词is）；主句said为一般过去时，从句改为一般过去时was.
 
Does your father go to work every day?(The teacher asked me...)→
 
The teacher asked me ifwhether my father goes went to work every day.
 
解析：宾语从句为一般疑问句,用ifwhether引导；宾语从句的your与与主句的me相关,宾语从句的your改为my;采用陈述句语序（主语my father+动词goes）；主句asked为一般过去时，从句的goes改为一般过去时went.
 
练习： Will he finish the work? （I asked...)→
 
② Can you answer the question? (I said to the boy...)→
 
③ Does the girl play the piano？（I asked...)→
 
答案：I asked ifwhether he would finish the work .
 
②I asked the boy ifwhether he could answer the question.
 
③I asked ifwhether the girl played the piano.
 
（3）若宾语从句为特殊疑问句，仍用原先的疑问词引导。宾语从句的动词时态变为相应的过去的时态，宾语从句用陈述句语序（主语+动词）；宾语从句的人称向主句看齐；主句中的saidsaid to改为asked。例如：
 
What are you doing in the room?(I asked the boy...)→ I asked the boy what he was doing in the room.
 
解析：宾语从句为特殊疑问句,用宾语从句的what引导；宾语从句中的you和主句中的the boy为同一人，从句向主句看齐，变为he；宾语从句采用陈述句语序（主语he+动词is doing）,主句asked为一般过去时，从句的is doing改为一般过去时was doing.
 
What does he like? (I said...)→I asked what he liked.
 
解析：宾语从句为特殊疑问句,用宾语从句的what引导；宾语从句采用陈述句语序（主语he+动词like）,主句asked为一般过去时，从句的like改为一般过去时liked.
 
练习：Where is he going next? （I asked...)→
 
②When will you leave for Shanghai?(The teacher said to us...)→
 
③Why does he get up early? （I asked...)→
 
答案：I asked Where he were going next.
 
②The teacher asked us When we would leave for Shanghai.
 
③I asked why he got up early.
 
（4）若宾语从句为祈使句（以动词原形或"don′t +动词原形"开头的句子），须使用句型："tell sb (not)to do sth"或"ask sb (not)to do sth"。例如：
 
Get up early.(My mother said to me...)→My mother toldasked me to get up early.
 
解析：主句said为一般过去时，需改为toldasked ；从句为肯定祈使句，需用tell ask sb to do sth句型。
 
Don′t play with dogs.(My grandparents told me...)→My grandparents told me not to play with dogs.
 
解析：从句为否定祈使句，需用tell sb not to do sth句型。
 
练习：Take care of your eyes.（The doctor said to us...)→
 
②Don′t talk in class.(My teachers told me...)→
 
答案：The doctor asked/told us to ake care of your eyes.
 
②My teachers told me not to talk in class.
 
注意：（1）如果主句的时态是一般现在时或Could you (please) do sth，宾语从句的时态保持不变。例如：
 
I am a good student.(He often tells me...)→
 
He often tells me (that) he is a good student.
 
解析：宾语从句为肯定句，用that引导（可省略）；主句为一般现在时，宾语从句的时态不变。
 
Does he speak English?(Could you please tell me...)→
 
Could you please tell me ifwhether he speaks English?
 
解析：宾语从句为一般疑问句，用ifwhether引导；宾语从句采用陈述句语序（主语he+动词speaks）；主句为Could you please tell me，宾语从句的时态不变。
 
(2)如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理或普遍真理，即使主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句的时态也保持不变。
 
例如： Is January the first month of the year?（Our teacher said...)→
 
Our teacher asked ifwhether January is the first month of the year
 
解析：宾语从句为一般疑问句，用ifwhether引导；宾语从句采用陈述句语序（主语January+动词is）；宾语从句内容为客观事实，因此，宾语从句时态不变。
 
宾语从句速记口诀:
 
宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。
 
一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。
 
陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否(if，whether)替;
 
特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。
 
二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。
 
主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意;
 
主句若为过去时，从句时态变过去。
 
三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。