阅读理解总丢分？6个方法迅速找到答案（一）
高考阅读理解解题技巧（一）——主旨大意题
高考英语试题中阅读理解占40分，是试卷中所占比例最大的一部分，很大程度上说，阅读理解能力的高低是能否取得英语好成绩的关键所在。要想提高英语阅读能力，在高考中取得好成绩，在平常的学习中除了不断扩大知识面，增加词汇量外，还应了解高考阅读理解主要题型，掌握一定的应试策略。
 
高考阅读理解题主要有以下六种常见题型：主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题、猜测词义题、文章结构题和作者态度题。
 
主旨大意题是阅读理解中最常见的题型之一。这种题型考查学生对整篇文章的把握，即能否分辨主题和细节、是否具备提纲挈领的能力。
 
【分析】
 
1. 三种主要考查类型：A. Main Idea型 B. Main Topic型 C. Main Purpose型
 
2. 高考真题设问典型句式
 
A. Main Idea型
 
The text mainly talks about ______.
 
The main idea of the text is ______.
 
What is the passage mainly about?
 
What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
 
B. Main Topic型
 
What would be the best title for the text?
 
Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?
 
What is the best title for the passage?
 
Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
 
C. Main Purpose
 
The main purpose of the text is to ______.
 
What is the main purpose of the passage?
 
The main purpose of Steve Minear’s writing is ______.
 
In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to ______.
 
3. 考生常见错误归纳
 
（1）以偏概全，只见树木，不见森林。多表现为部分代替整体，从而导致概括范围太窄，不能概括文章整体内容。
 
（2）脱离文本，任意发挥，过度概括。多表现为脱离文章内容发挥，从而导致概括范围过宽，超出文章内容。
 
（3）主次不分，本末倒置。即用支撑信息或具体事实、细节和例子代替文章的主旨大意。
 
4. 应试策略：树立语篇意识，重视篇章结构。
 
（1）把握文章逻辑结构。把握文章逻辑结构对于做主旨大意题很有帮助，因为文章主题出现的位置对应于文章逻辑结构中的一个部分。高考阅读理解文章的主要逻辑结构有：
 
时间顺序。按时间先后说明某一理论的发展，或某一研究成果由过去至现在的情况。属于这种结构的文章的主题通常在首段或末段。
 
一般→具体。首段做总的说明，其他段落分别说明或具体论述首段的观点。属于这种结构的文章主题一般在首段。
 
具体→一般。前面几段分别说明，末段总结。主题一般在末段。
 
对比。进行对比的各事物之间的基本共同点或差异便是文章主题。
 
分类。分类说明的各项的主旨相加即为文章的主题。
 
（2）抓主题句
 
主题句表达中心思想，其它句子均围绕它进行说明或议论。它在文章中的通常位置为第一段首句、第一段末句和全文末句等地方。所以阅读时对这些地方要特别关注。
 
（3）根据论述详略确定。 通常与主题有关的部分有较详尽的论述，而与主题关系不够密切的部分论述较简略。
 
【高考真题】
 
It’s not easy being a teenager (13至19岁青少年) — nor is it easy being the parent of a teenager. You can make your child feel angry, hurt, or misunderstood by what you say without realizing it yourself. It is important to give your child the space he needs to grow while gently letting him know that you’ll still be there for him when he needs you.
 
Expect a lot from your child, just not everything. Except for health and safety problems, such as drug use or careless driving, consider everything else open to discussion. If your child is unwilling to discuss something, don’t insist he tell you what’s on his mind. The more you insist, the more likely that he’ll clam up. Instead, let him attempt to solve (解决) things by himself. At the same time, remind him that you’re always there for him should he seek advice or help. Show respect for your teenager’s privacy (隐私). Never read his mail or listen in on personal conversations.
 
Teach your teenager that the family phone is for the whole family. If your child talks on the family’s telephone for too long, tell him he can talk for 15 minutes, but then he must stay off the phone for at least an equal period of time. This not only frees up the line so that other family members can make and receive calls, but teaches your teenager moderation (节制). Or if you are open to the idea, allow your teenager his own phone that he pays for with his own pocket money or a part-time job.
 
68. The main purpose of the text is to tell parents ______.
 
A. how to get along with a teenager
 
B. how to respect a teenager
 
C. how to understand a teenager
 
D. how to help a teenager grow up
 
70. The last paragraph is about how to teach a teenager ______.
 
A. to use the phone in a sensible way
 
B. to pay for his own telephone
 
C. to share the phone with friends
 
D. to answer the phone quickly
 
解析：
 
68. D。主旨大意题。此题考查全文主旨大意。本文结构为总分结构，故文章主题句应在首段。此段没有明显的主题句，但通过理解整段内容，可以看出此段主要探讨如何教育孩子健康成长。故D项正确。
 
70. A。主旨大意题。此题考查段落主旨大意。分析整段内容可知，该段落主要讨论如何教孩子正确使用家里的电话。故A项正确。B项以偏概全，C、D项文中没有提到。